RFID Tracking Glossary

An identification process describes the sequence by which objects are clearly recognised and assigned to the correct information within a system. In the RFID and Auto-ID environment, this usually takes place automatically through an identifier and a reading system so that materials, containers or workpieces can be reliably distinguished and assigned to the correct process step. This is essential for object tracking, because only clearly identified objects can be traced reliably across multiple stations. At the same time, a well-structured process increases process reliability and forms an important basis for Auto-ID-supported workflows. This ensures that objects are recognised clearly and handled correctly during ongoing operations.

Indoor tracking refers to the location and tracking of objects, vehicles or operating equipment within buildings or clearly defined indoor areas. Unlike GPS, it works indoors using local wireless technologies such as RFID, sensors or an RTLS to capture positions, movements and dwell locations reliably. The aim is to create greater transparency regarding material flow, search times and utilisation. Indoor tracking is often part of asset tracking or object tracking and supports the automated control of logistics and production-related processes. Indoor tracking improves the availability of operating equipment and shortens response times in ongoing operations.

An interface is a defined connection through which data is exchanged and processed reliably between systems. It specifies the form in which information is provided and transferred so that applications can work together in a technically consistent way. This supports workflows without media discontinuity and allows data to be transferred into an ERP system or Auto-ID middleware. The linking of RFID and ERP systems  provides the technical basis for this. A properly configured interface ensures that information can be used directly in the ongoing process.

Intralogistics covers all internal material and goods flows as well as the related information processes. This includes the transport, storage, provision and control of goods within a company. In the RFID context, object tracking creates greater transparency regarding movements and stock. The material flow can also be controlled more precisely in this way. At goods receipt, data can be captured automatically and transferred directly into connected systems. The aim is to make processes faster, clearer and less prone to errors. Intralogistics connects warehousing, production and dispatch into one continuous internal process.

Inventory refers to the systematic recording and checking of existing stock at a defined point in time or over a defined period. Its purpose is to compare the actual quantities, locations and conditions of goods, containers or operating equipment with the data stored in the system. Through automatic data capture using mobile handheld readers, inventory can be carried out much more efficiently. This improves transparency regarding stock levels, reduces manual counting errors and speeds up the updating of inventory data. RFID-supported inventory reduces counting time and increases stock accuracy in warehousing and production.

IoT sensors are networked sensors that capture measured values such as temperature, humidity, movement or fill level directly on the object or in its surroundings and transmit them digitally. They provide not only an identifier but also additional information about the current condition of a product, container or operating asset. This allows deviations to be detected earlier and processes to be monitored more precisely. In industrial environments, they are used when condition data for quality, availability or transport conditions is required in addition to identification. They create a reliable data basis for object tracking of sensitive goods and technical resources during ongoing operations.

The IP protection class describes how well an enclosure is protected against the ingress of solid foreign bodies and water. It is important for an RFID reader when devices are used in dusty, damp or regularly cleaned environments. The designation usually consists of two digits. The first indicates protection against contact and solid foreign bodies, while the second indicates protection against water. For an RFID antenna or other hardware, the appropriate protection class also affects how reliably a system operates under real operating conditions. The right IP protection class ensures stable operation of RFID hardware on machines, gates and conveyor lines.

ISO 18000 is an international series of standards for RFID air interfaces. It defines how an RFID reader and a transponder communicate technically across different frequency ranges. This includes specifications for radio procedures, protocols and data transmission between the components involved. The series therefore provides an important basis for making RFID systems from different manufacturers comparable and compatible. It does not describe the entire RFID system, but primarily the technical communication at the air interface. Depending on the application, ISO 18000 is supplemented by other standards, such as the GS1 standard  for identification structures and data exchange. Choosing the appropriate part of the standard supports the reliable interaction of transponders and reading technology in ongoing operations.

An ISO standard is an internationally agreed standard that defines technical, organisational or qualitative requirements in a consistent way. In the RFID environment, it creates a common basis so that reading systems, RFID tags and data structures from different manufacturers can work together as compatibly as possible. ISO standards define not only technical interfaces, but often also test procedures, terminology and performance characteristics. They help companies compare systems more effectively and standardise processes more reliably. In the RFID field, ISO 18000 is relevant for radio communication, while the GS1 standard supports uniform identification and data exchange. Selecting the right ISO standards facilitates the reliable integration of RFID into production and logistics.